Pictures

Pig Feeding

Marker-based XROMM analysis of mastication in minipigs

Figure 1. Sinclair strain miniature pig. Three individuals (3-4 months old) were used in this study.

Figure 2. Fluoroscope image of pig snout with radiopaque tantalum markers. Bones appear dark and air white in this x-ray positive image. The tantalum beads are the small black spots.

Figure 3. Lateral grinding results primarily from rotation of the mandible about a dorsoventrally oriented axis.

Figure 4. Rostrocaudal translations result from jaw protrution and retrusion.

Duck Feeding

Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks

A male and female Mallard duck. All of the ducks in this study were female.

Mallard duck feeding on duck chow mixed with water.

The quadrate bone plays a central role in feeding mechanics, particularly in the elevation of the upper bill. It has been hypothesized that the movement of the quadrate is transferred primarily through the pterygoid and palatine bones to the upper bill (Bock 1964, Gussekloo et al. 2001, Zweers 1974, van Gennip and Berkhoudt, 1992).

The quadrate articulates with four bones: pterygoid, braincase, jugal and mandible.

Hardware

Mobile C-arm fluoroscopes and biplanar x-ray rooms

Diagram of mobile C-arm fluoroscopes, retrofitted for high-speed imaging. New 30-cm image intensifiers have been installed and the original cameras have been replaced with high-speed video cameras. A standard international (size 5) soccer ball is included for scale. Radiological Imaging Services, Hamburg PA (800-748-2040) has experience refurbishing and retrofitting C-arms for high-speed imaging.

Photograph of mobile C-arm fluoroscopes, retrofitted for high-speed imaging. New 30-cm image intensifiers have been installed and the original cameras have been replaced with high-speed video cameras. Radiological Imaging Services, Hamburg PA (800-748-2040) has experience refurbishing and retrofitting C-arms for high-speed imaging.

The W.M. Keck Foundation XROMM Facility at Brown University. Two x-ray tubes are suspended from the ceiling by tube cranes and two image intensifiers are mounted on mobile gantries. Independent movement of the four components gives the system a lot of flexibility in physical configuration. Here the system is configured to collect two oblique, ventro-dorsal views.

The W.M. Keck Foundation XROMM Facility at Brown University. Independent movement of the four components gives the system a lot of flexibility in physical configuration. Here the system is configured to collect two oblique, medio-lateral views.